There are allegations that individuals within the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence may have played an important role
in financing the attacks. There are also claims that other foreign intelligence agencies, such as the Israeli Mossad, had
foreknowledge of the attacks, and that Saudi Arabia may have played a role in financing the attacks. Francesco Cossiga, former
President of Italy from 1985 until his resignation over Operation Gladio, asserts that it is common knowledge among intelligence
services the 9-11 attacks were a joint operation between elements in the U.S. Government and Mossad.
The theory that such foreign individuals outside of al Qaeda were involved is often part of larger "inside job" theories,
although it has been claimed that, while al Qaeda deserve most of the responsibility, the alleged role played by Pakistan,
Israel or Saudi Arabia was deliberately overlooked by the official investigation for political reasons.Some 9/11 opinion polls
have also found that a significant minority of the American public believe that Saddam Hussein was responsible.
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